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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (8) Show 8 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Expected but not Quantified

Creation Date

2007-05-23 01:45:51 UTC

Update Date

2023-02-21 17:17:17 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0006355

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB06355

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone

Description

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbides. These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings. D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone is a very mild and mentholic tasting compound. Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues. It is frequently used in energy drinks to increase energy levels and improve alertness, and can also be used to reduce "brain fog" caused by various medical conditions. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums. Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water. Its melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C. The compound can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form. Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks because it has been shown to be effective at increasing energy levels and improving alertness. Glucuronolactone supplementation also significantly reduces "brain fog" cause by various medical conditions. Although levels of glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet, glucuronolactone is extremely safe and well tolerated. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that exposure to glucuronolactone from regular consumption of energy drinks is not a safety concern.[2] The no-observed-adverse-effect level of glucuronolactone is 1000 mg/kg/day. Additionally, according to The Merck Index, glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant. The liver uses glucose to create glucuronolactone, which inhibits the enzyme B-glucuronidase (metabolizes glucuronides), which should cause blood-glucuronide levels to rise. Glucuronides combines with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are excreted in the urine. Higher blood-glucuronides help remove toxins from the body, leading to the claim that energy drinks are detoxifying. Free glucuronic acid (or its self-ester glucuronolactone) has less effect on detoxification than glucose, because the body synthesizes UDP-glucuronic acid from glucose. Therefore, sufficient carbohydrate intake provides enough UDP-glucuronic acid for detoxication, and foods rich in glucose are usually abundant in developed nations. Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI


  Mrv1652305271900072D          

 12 13  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   12.9771   -7.4966    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.5464   -8.8314    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.7618   -7.7515    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.7618   -8.5765    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4922   -8.1640    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.0313   -8.1640    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.7222   -6.7119    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.8013   -9.6161    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.5464   -7.4966    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.9771   -8.8314    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.6672   -8.1640    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.8563   -8.1640    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  6  0  0  0
  3  1  1  1  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  8  1  6  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  9  1  0  0  0  0
  4 10  1  1  0  0  0
  5 10  1  0  0  0  0
  6  9  1  0  0  0  0
 11  5  2  0  0  0  0
  6 12  1  1  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0006355

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-WHDMSYDLSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H8O6

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
176.1241

> <EXACT_MASS>
176.032087988

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
20

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
14.696856003636109

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.93

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-1.9477935553333332

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.76

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
2

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
11.8065345996248

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
11.144359248692158

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-3.959730505778521

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
96.22000000000001

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
32.2986

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.01e+03 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
(3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      24.224 -13.994   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      27.153 -16.485   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      25.689 -14.469   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      25.689 -16.009   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      23.319 -15.239   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      28.058 -15.239   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0      23.748 -12.529   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0      27.629 -17.950   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      27.153 -13.994   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0      24.224 -16.485   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      21.779 -15.239   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0      29.598 -15.239   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    7    3    5                                                  
CONECT    2    4    8    6                                                  
CONECT    3    1    4    9                                                  
CONECT    4    2    3   10                                                  
CONECT    5    1   10   11                                                  
CONECT    6    2    9   12                                                  
CONECT    7    1                                                            
CONECT    8    2                                                            
CONECT    9    3    6                                                       
CONECT   10    4    5                                                       
CONECT   11    5                                                            
CONECT   12    6                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   26    0
END

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
D-Glucurone	HMDB
D-Glucuronic acid	HMDB
D-Glucuronic acid lactone	HMDB
D-glucurono-3,6-Lactone	HMDB
D-Glucuronolactone	HMDB
Dicurone	HMDB
glucofuranurono-6,3-Lactone	HMDB
Glucoxy	HMDB
Glucurolactone	HMDB
Glucuron	HMDB
Glucurone	HMDB
Glucuronic acid lactone	HMDB
Glucuronolactone	HMDB
Glucuronosan	HMDB
Gluronsan	HMDB
Glycurone	HMDB
Guronsan	HMDB
Reulatt s.s.	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₈O₆

Average Molecular Weight

176.1241

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

176.032087988

IUPAC Name

(3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one

Traditional Name

(3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one

CAS Registry Number

32449-92-6

SMILES

O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1

InChI Key

OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-WHDMSYDLSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbides. These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Furofurans

Sub Class

Isosorbides

Direct Parent

Isosorbides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Isosorbide
Gamma butyrolactone
Monosaccharide
Tetrahydrofuran
Carboxylic acid ester
Hemiacetal
Lactone
Secondary alcohol
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Polyol
Carboxylic acid derivative
Oxacycle
Hydrocarbon derivative
Carbonyl group
Organic oxide
Organic oxygen compound
Alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	177.5 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	403.00 to 404.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg	The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility	257 mg/mL at 21 °C	Not Available
LogP	-3.457 (est)	The Good Scents Company Information System

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Not Available

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1010 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.9	ALOGPS
logP	-1.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.76	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.14	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	96.22 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	32.3 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.7 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	138.794	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	136.972	31661259
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	138.484	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	136.088	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	170.964	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	145.334	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	139.5	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	135.1	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	143.6	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	144.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	130.9	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	131.5	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	132.2	32859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic Method	Retention Time	Reference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.	2.02 minutes	32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022	10.1327 minutes	33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022	3.87 minutes	32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid	177.8 seconds	40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	890.7 seconds	40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid	342.9 seconds	40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	44.1 seconds	40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	193.0 seconds	40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	81.2 seconds	40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	271.7 seconds	40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	253.9 seconds	40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)	706.8 seconds	40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid	624.9 seconds	40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	61.3 seconds	40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	903.0 seconds	40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	214.0 seconds	40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	241.8 seconds	40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate	676.0 seconds	40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA	255.5 seconds	40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water	308.0 seconds	40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone	O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	2941.4	Standard polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone	O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	1681.6	Standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone	O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	1552.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / Structure	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	1706.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O	1695.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,1TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O[C@H]1O	1686.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	1816.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1802.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,2TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C	1815.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1877.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	1957.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O	1938.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,1TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O[C@H]1O	1953.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O	2263.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2266.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,2TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2264.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2566.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Spectra

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum

Biospecimen Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

None

Associated OMIM IDs

None

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB023903

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

2724333

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

18268

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

GLAC

MarkerDB ID

Not Available

Good Scents ID

rw1233891

References

Synthesis Reference

Hiroto Chaen, Toshiki Tsuchioka, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Kunihiko Yuuen. Process for producing D-glucuronolactone. 1998, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP0864580A2

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

DEMOEN P, JANSSEN P, VAN DE KEERE B, ZIVKOVIC D: On the metabolic fate of isoniazide (I.N.H.) and its N2-Dglucuronolactone derivate (I.N.H.G.) (1) in man. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1954 Aug 1;98(4):427-36. [PubMed:13208334 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction.
Gene Name:: ALDH9A1
Uniprot ID:: P49189
Molecular weight:: 56291.485

Reactions

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone + NAD + Water → Glucaric acid + NADH + Hydrogen Ion	details

Enzyme Details

2. Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism.
Gene Name:: ALDH7A1
Uniprot ID:: P49419
Molecular weight:: 58486.74

Reactions

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone + NAD + Water → Glucaric acid + NADH + Hydrogen Ion	details

Enzyme Details

3. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ALDH1A3
Uniprot ID:: P47895
Molecular weight:: 56107.995

Enzyme Details

4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: ALDH2
Uniprot ID:: P05091
Molecular weight:: 56380.93

Reactions

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone + NAD + Water → Glucaric acid + NADH + Hydrogen Ion	details

Enzyme Details

5. Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acids. Active on a variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length. Responsible for conversion of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) degradation product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid.
Gene Name:: ALDH3A2
Uniprot ID:: P51648
Molecular weight:: 54847.36

Reactions

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone + NAD + Water → Glucaric acid + NADH + Hydrogen Ion	details

Enzyme Details

6. Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation.
Gene Name:: ALDH1B1
Uniprot ID:: P30837
Molecular weight:: 57248.96

Reactions

D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone + NAD + Water → Glucaric acid + NADH + Hydrogen Ion	details

Enzyme Details

7. Dermatan-sulfate epimerase

General function:: Involved in chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity
Specific function:: Converts D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid (IdoUA) residues.
Gene Name:: DSE
Uniprot ID:: Q9UL01
Molecular weight:: 109772.235

Enzyme Details

8. D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase

General function:: Involved in racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives
Specific function:: Converts D-glucuronic acid residues adjacent to N- sulfate sugar residues to L-iduronic acids
Gene Name:: GLCE
Uniprot ID:: O94923
Molecular weight:: 70100.5

Showing metabocard for D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone (HMDB0006355)

MOL for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

3D MOL for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

3D SDF for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

3D-SDF for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

PDB for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

3D PDB for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

SMILES for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

INCHI for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

Structure for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

3D Structure for HMDB0006355 (D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone)

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

Enzymes

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