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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 19:37:59 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:54:13 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0034731
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB34731
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTomatidine
DescriptionTomatidine is the aglycone derivative of tomatine. Tomatidine belongs to the chemical family known as Spirosolanes and Derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton. Tomatine (the glycosylated form of tomatidine) is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine and tomatidine. Both tomatine and tomatidine possess antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Tomatidine has been shown to exhibit anti-virulence activity against normal strains of Staphylococcus aureus as well as the ability to potentiate the effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics (PMID: 24877760 ). Recent studies have shown that tomatidine stimulates mTORC1 signaling and anabolism, leading to accumulation of protein and mitochondria, and ultimately, cell growth. Furthermore, in mice, tomatidine has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling, reduce skeletal muscle atrophy, enhance recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy, stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and increase strength and exercise capacity (PMID: 24719321 ). Tomatidine has also been shown to significantly inhibit cholesterol ester accumulation induced by acetylated LDL in human monocyte-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Tomatidine also inhibits cholesterol ester formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT)-1 or ACAT-2, suggesting that tomatidine suppresses both ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 activities. The oral administration of tomatidine to apoE-deficient mice significantly reduces levels of serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and the size of atherosclerotic lesions (PMID: 22224814 ).
Structure
Data?1563862610
Synonyms
ValueSource
(22S,25S)-5alpha-Spirosolan-3beta-olHMDB
(3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-Spirosolan-3-olHMDB
(3beta,5alpha,25S)-Spirosolan-3-olHMDB
5a-Tomatidan-3b-ol, 8ciHMDB
5alpha -Tomatidan-3beta -olHMDB
5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-olHMDB
5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-ol (8ci)HMDB
Spirosolan-3-olHMDB
Spirosolan-3-ol, (3alpha ,22alpha -tomatidan-3beta -olHMDB
Spirosolan-3-ol, (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)- (9ci)HMDB
TomatidinHMDB
SoladulcidineMeSH
Tomatidine, (3beta,5alpha,22alpha,25R)-isomerMeSH
5 alpha,20 beta(F),22 alpha(F),25 beta(F),27- Azaspirostan-3 beta-olMeSH
Chemical FormulaC27H45NO2
Average Molecular Weight415.6517
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight415.345029689
IUPAC Name5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol
Traditional Nametomatidine
CAS Registry Number77-59-8
SMILES
CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C27H45NO2/c1-16-7-12-27(28-15-16)17(2)24-23(30-27)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(29)8-10-25(18,3)21(20)9-11-26(22,24)4/h16-24,28-29H,5-15H2,1-4H3
InChI KeyXYNPYHXGMWJBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as spirosolanes and derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]Decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4',5']Indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassSteroidal alkaloids
Direct ParentSpirosolanes and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Spirosolane skeleton
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Azasteroid
  • Azaspirodecane
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Piperidine
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiaminal
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Secondary amine
  • Azacycle
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point210 - 211 °CNot Available
Boiling Point527.20 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0.031 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP6.150 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00019 g/LALOGPS
logP4.72ALOGPS
logP5.02ChemAxon
logS-6.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)18.3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area41.49 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity121.1 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability51.09 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings6ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+197.48231661259
DarkChem[M-H]-191.78631661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-238.4730932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+214.18830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+209.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+207.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+211.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+211.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-204.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-206.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-208.632859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.6.84 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202213.7468 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20224.08 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid95.7 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid2620.1 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid180.6 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid217.1 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid164.6 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid402.2 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid564.5 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid553.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)284.7 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1062.3 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid532.5 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1510.1 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid353.3 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid408.3 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate269.0 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA346.7 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water25.1 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
TomatidineCC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN12741.1Standard polar33892256
TomatidineCC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN13234.2Standard non polar33892256
TomatidineCC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN13436.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Tomatidine,1TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(NC1)OC1CC3C4CCC5CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC5(C)C4CCC3(C)C1C2C3459.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,1TMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C13447.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,2TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C13403.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,2TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C13427.8Standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(NC1)OC1CC3C4CCC5CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC5(C)C4CCC3(C)C1C2C3693.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C13650.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C13834.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Tomatidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C13960.8Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tomatidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0zg0-1129200000-5d9e624514d0944e171c2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tomatidine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-05fr-2215900000-9b8851953955b216ad282017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tomatidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-0009600000-59abef74949d70a8cafc2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0avj-0198200000-9c90978a91bba76ca55a2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05fr-5269000000-c49d77f03cb7c42696cd2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-0009600000-59abef74949d70a8cafc2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0avj-0198200000-9c90978a91bba76ca55a2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05fr-5269000000-c49d77f03cb7c42696cd2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0002900000-0177947b1b0afba7dd492015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009600000-594f89795c2e81f4b9902015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-3119000000-96f892c1d44b480cfcca2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0002900000-0177947b1b0afba7dd492015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009600000-594f89795c2e81f4b9902015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-3119000000-96f892c1d44b480cfcca2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0002900000-c098f83c1fc2f2160cf32021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-3579800000-be21ff49c8422a55ae652021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-059y-3950000000-8454b0799a2b0fd68bfa2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0000900000-713eea1f92e6cf59257a2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0001900000-a98be16fc6ee5b3252a62021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0239800000-e6773abcff13370b5fc42021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB013270
KNApSAcK IDC00029023
Chemspider ID276680
KEGG Compound IDC10826
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTomatidine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound312827
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID9629
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1698601
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Chagnon F, Guay I, Bonin MA, Mitchell G, Bouarab K, Malouin F, Marsault E: Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of tomatidine, a steroid alkaloid with unique antibiotic properties against persistent forms of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Jun 10;80:605-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.019. [PubMed:24877760 ]
  2. Dyle MC, Ebert SM, Cook DP, Kunkel SD, Fox DK, Bongers KS, Bullard SA, Dierdorff JM, Adams CM: Systems-based discovery of tomatidine as a natural small molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle atrophy. J Biol Chem. 2014 May 23;289(21):14913-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.556241. Epub 2014 Apr 9. [PubMed:24719321 ]
  3. Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Tsurushima K, Yoshitomi M, Horlad H, Ikeda T, Nohara T, Takeya M, Nagai R: Tomatidine, a tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Mar 14;60(10):2472-9. doi: 10.1021/jf204197r. Epub 2012 Feb 28. [PubMed:22224814 ]
  4. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  5. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  6. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  7. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  8. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  9. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.