| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:41:44 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:20:07 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0031229 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Ethyl formate |
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| Description | Ethyl formate, also known as areginal or ethyl methanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Ethyl formate is an alcohol, bitter, and cognac tasting compound. Ethyl formate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as citrus, pineapples, apples, fruits, and pomes. This could make ethyl formate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It occurs naturally in the body of ants and in the stingers of bees. Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is also partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also considers a time-weighted average of 100 ppm over an eight-hour period as the recommended exposure limit. Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). According to the U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory system of humans and other animals; it is also a central nervous system depressant. Ethyl formate has been identified in dust clouds in an area of the Milky Way galaxy called Sagittarius B2 and it is among 50 molecular species identified using the 30 metre IRAM radiotelescope. In industry, it is used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, oils, and greases. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Aethylformiat | ChEBI | | Areginal | ChEBI | | Carboxylic acid oxaethane | ChEBI | | Ethyl formic ester | ChEBI | | Ethyl methanoate | ChEBI | | Ethyle (formiate d') | ChEBI | | Ethylformiaat | ChEBI | | Formiato de etilo | ChEBI | | Formic acid, ethyl ester | ChEBI | | Formic ether | ChEBI | | Carboxylate oxaethane | Generator | | Ethyl methanoic acid | Generator | | Ethyle (formiic acid d') | Generator | | Formate, ethyl ester | Generator | | Ethyl formic acid | Generator | | Ethyl ester OF formic acid | HMDB | | Ethylformic ester | HMDB | | Formic acid ethyl ester | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C3H6O2 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 74.0785 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 74.036779436 |
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| IUPAC Name | ethyl formate |
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| Traditional Name | ethyl formate |
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| CAS Registry Number | 109-94-4 |
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| SMILES | CCOC=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 |
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| InChI Key | WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Carboxylic acid derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Carboxylic acid esters |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Carboxylic acid ester
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | -80.5 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | 52.00 to 54.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | | Water Solubility | 88.2 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | | LogP | 0.23 | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.25 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.9718 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.58 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1102.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 389.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 136.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 274.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 87.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 337.1 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 404.6 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 196.0 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 718.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 228.2 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 957.2 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 264.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 295.9 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 558.6 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 313.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 151.7 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0059-9000000000-af41fd3c13c388901951 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0059-9000000000-eb53d7dda3275b010878 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0059-9000000000-639550e9e1c74fbbccb1 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0059-9000000000-af41fd3c13c388901951 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0059-9000000000-eb53d7dda3275b010878 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0059-9000000000-639550e9e1c74fbbccb1 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-004i-9000000000-4e7fec3a3563b3646dac | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-f332b78fc3540f1d8cba | 2016-08-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004j-9000000000-a60a39738e3d9ba3b245 | 2016-08-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-002b-9000000000-f3f53bc8df222e96faba | 2016-08-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-17cb369d3f239dfc1d35 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-bef1fd03fe4be52d7d20 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-53f92a088cfd840983ef | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-002b-9000000000-3804e6a80d0d30de97a8 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004j-9000000000-726bddcb8b2753b0a877 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-ff7c837564b364e8e251 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00dl-9000000000-5a3fa4459d9426fc27f2 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-d948d5d95ae14e701f57 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ethyl formate 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0007-9000000000-0d069e9b5cbed1eb132c | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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