| Record Information | 
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| Version | 5.0 | 
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified | 
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:30:03 UTC | 
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| Update Date | 2022-09-22 17:44:03 UTC | 
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0029377 | 
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| Secondary Accession Numbers |  | 
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| Metabolite Identification | 
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| Common Name | Piperine | 
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| Description | Piperine, also known as fema 2909, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. Piperine is a pepper tasting compound. Piperine is found in the highest concentration within pepper (Piper nigrum) and many other Piper species. Piperine has also been detected, but not quantified, in dills and herbs and spices.  Piperine is responsible for the hot taste of pepper. Piperine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Multiple Myeloma and Deglutition Disorders. It is used to impart pungent taste to brandy. | 
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| Structure | O=C(\C=C\C=C\C1=CC2=C(OCO2)C=C1)N1CCCCC1InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c19-17(18-10-4-1-5-11-18)7-3-2-6-14-8-9-15-16(12-14)21-13-20-15/h2-3,6-9,12H,1,4-5,10-11,13H2/b6-2+,7-3+ | 
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source | 
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 | (e,e)-1-Piperoylpiperidine | ChEBI |  | 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine | ChEBI |  | 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl]piperidine | ChEBI |  | 1-Piperoyl-piperidine | ChEBI |  | 1-Piperoylpiperidine | ChEBI |  | N-[(e,e)-Piperoyl]piperidine | ChEBI |  | Bioperine | HMDB |  | 1-Piperoyl-(e,e)-piperidine | HMDB |  | FEMA 2909 | HMDB |  | N-(e,e)-Piperoyl-piperidine | HMDB |  | N-Ee-piperoyl-piperidine | HMDB |  | Piperin | HMDB |  | Piperine, (e,Z)-isomer | MeSH, HMDB |  | Piperine, (Z,e)-isomer | MeSH, HMDB |  | Piperine, (Z,Z)-isomer | MeSH, HMDB |  | ((1-5-(1,3)-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine | MeSH, HMDB |  | (1-(5-(1,3)-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine | MeSH, HMDB |  | Piperine, (e,e)-isomer | MeSH, HMDB | 
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| Chemical Formula | C17H19NO3 | 
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| Average Molecular Weight | 285.3377 | 
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 285.136493479 | 
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| IUPAC Name | (2E,4E)-5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one | 
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| Traditional Name | bioperine | 
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| CAS Registry Number | 94-62-2 | 
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| SMILES | O=C(\C=C\C=C\C1=CC2=C(OCO2)C=C1)N1CCCCC1 | 
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c19-17(18-10-4-1-5-11-18)7-3-2-6-14-8-9-15-16(12-14)21-13-20-15/h2-3,6-9,12H,1,4-5,10-11,13H2/b6-2+,7-3+ | 
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| InChI Key | MXXWOMGUGJBKIW-YPCIICBESA-N | 
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| Chemical Taxonomy | 
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. | 
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds | 
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| Super Class | Alkaloids and derivatives | 
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| Class | Not Available | 
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| Sub Class | Not Available | 
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| Direct Parent | Alkaloids and derivatives | 
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| Alternative Parents |  | 
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| Substituents | BenzodioxoleN-acyl-piperidineAlkaloid or derivativesStyrenePiperidineBenzenoidTertiary carboxylic acid amideCarboxamide groupAcetalCarboxylic acid derivativeOxacycleAzacycleOrganoheterocyclic compoundOrganooxygen compoundOrganonitrogen compoundOrganopnictogen compoundOrganic oxideHydrocarbon derivativeOrganic nitrogen compoundCarbonyl groupOrganic oxygen compoundAromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds | 
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| External Descriptors |  | 
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| Ontology | 
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| Physiological effect |  | 
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| Disposition |  | 
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| Process | Not Available | 
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| Role |  | 
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| Physical Properties | 
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| State | Solid | 
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| Experimental Molecular Properties |  | 
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections | 
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| Predicted Molecular Properties |  | 
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference | 
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 | Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 7.66 minutes | 32390414 |  | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 16.1183 minutes | 33406817 |  | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 1.28 minutes | 32390414 |  | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 25.8 seconds | 40023050 |  | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2437.2 seconds | 40023050 |  | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 427.8 seconds | 40023050 |  | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 201.8 seconds | 40023050 |  | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 233.0 seconds | 40023050 |  | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 301.7 seconds | 40023050 |  | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 659.6 seconds | 40023050 |  | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 675.1 seconds | 40023050 |  | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 116.2 seconds | 40023050 |  | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1447.5 seconds | 40023050 |  | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 483.0 seconds | 40023050 |  | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1563.2 seconds | 40023050 |  | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 464.9 seconds | 40023050 |  | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 429.4 seconds | 40023050 |  | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 351.5 seconds | 40023050 |  | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 385.7 seconds | 40023050 |  | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 8.0 seconds | 40023050 | 
 Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized | 
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| Spectra | 
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|  | GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View | 
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 | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Piperine EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0fe0-0590000000-49115b64f9d288ede20b | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum |  | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Piperine EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0uki-1980000000-0d80d5bd56077694f4ab | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum |  | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Piperine EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0fe0-0590000000-49115b64f9d288ede20b | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum |  | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Piperine EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0uki-1980000000-0d80d5bd56077694f4ab | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum |  | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Piperine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0ru3-5490000000-47caa063ebe950468c83 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Piperine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0v4r-4970000000-d7ea6f47f4b46495acb4 | 2015-03-01 | Not Available | View Spectrum | 
 MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View | 
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 | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0910000000-28987f355a39728ed8e4 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine LC-ESI-IT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0090000000-6221df9a927cf5dae43f | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0090000000-f586ee65972a8599fb3e | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0190000000-9f77f056ac9f2e385656 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0090000000-d91bf95f43f53499a538 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0190000000-1f5b570135a2c33d60cb | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0190000000-c67e35d994bd1857d3b3 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0190000000-38727bddc27cc1f12b21 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-004r-0032950000-09b8545ba31f6fbf5243 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-01ti-0044970000-8efb835b518a1f9d631e | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-004r-0033960000-0ebcac3b31c8914732a9 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0009700000-45fc15cfc95d4cb7619c | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0009500000-356adf7cecbec3f587a1 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-004r-0022950000-438f2d66c26e4fad4df9 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  , positive-QTOF | splash10-0uxr-0930000000-08188c35582e879e867f | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-1900000000-8556d96344dd58005484 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  60V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gbl-0910000000-0cc6374f3392d452f5fa | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  30V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udr-0190000000-1fd31902ba916f49f5c0 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  15V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0090000000-d9688e24ce807650b12c | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-2290000000-12a3336a15ec4f2d04ad | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-6960000000-cfbbefb16249f62a712d | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05q3-9300000000-e0c13b92ad036042aa06 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-0190000000-2e45c46d9e273a3e57f4 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-6490000000-03ac1126cea4a744d034 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Piperine  40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9200000000-b9bed611c188499924d5 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | 
 NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View | 
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| Biological Properties | 
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| Cellular Locations |  | 
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| Biospecimen Locations |  | 
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| Tissue Locations |  | 
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| Pathways |  | 
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| Normal Concentrations | 
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 | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal |  | details |  | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal |  | details |  | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal |  | details |  | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal |  | details | 
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| Abnormal Concentrations | 
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 | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer |  | details |  | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer |  | details |  | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer |  | details |  | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation |  | details | 
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases | 
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| Disease References | | Colorectal cancer | 
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 | Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383  ] Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276  ] Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050  ] 
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| Associated OMIM IDs |  | 
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| External Links | 
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| DrugBank ID | DB12582 | 
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available | 
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| FooDB ID | FDB000449 | 
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00002065 | 
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| Chemspider ID | 553590 | 
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| KEGG Compound ID | C03882 | 
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available | 
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| BiGG ID | Not Available | 
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| Wikipedia Link | Piperine | 
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| METLIN ID | Not Available | 
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| PubChem Compound | 638024 | 
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| PDB ID | Not Available | 
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| ChEBI ID | 28821 | 
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available | 
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| VMH ID | Not Available | 
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available | 
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| Good Scents ID | rw1033851 | 
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| References | 
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available | 
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) | 
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| General References | Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212  ]  (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. . 
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