| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:14:47 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000396 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0002321
- HMDB00396
- HMDB02321
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid |
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| Description | Isolated excretion of 2-ethylhydracrylic acid (2-methylbutyrylglycine; 2-MBG) is the hallmark of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD), a defect in the proximal pathway of L-isoleucine oxidation (PMID: 15615815 ). Normal human urine contains small amounts (less than 4 mg/g of creatinine) of 2-ethylhydracrylic acid. Urinary excretion of 2-ethylhydracrylic acid is variably increased in defects of isoleucine oxidation at distal steps in the catabolic pathway (3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase deficiency and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency) and is diminished when proximal steps of the oxidative pathway are blocked as in branched-chain oxo acid decarboxylase deficiency (maple syrup urine disease) (PMID: 1016232 ). 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212 ). |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-2-4(3-6)5(7)8/h4,6H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-butyric acid | ChEBI | | 3-Hydroxy-2-ethylpropanoic acid | ChEBI | | beta-Hydroxy-alpha-ethylpropionic acid | ChEBI | | 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-butyrate | Generator | | 3-Hydroxy-2-ethylpropanoate | Generator | | b-Hydroxy-a-ethylpropionate | Generator | | b-Hydroxy-a-ethylpropionic acid | Generator | | beta-Hydroxy-alpha-ethylpropionate | Generator | | Β-hydroxy-α-ethylpropionate | Generator | | Β-hydroxy-α-ethylpropionic acid | Generator | | 2-Ethylhydracrylate | Generator | | 2-(Hydroxymethyl)butyrate | HMDB | | 2-(Hydroxymethyl)butyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxypropionate | HMDB | | 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxy-2-ethylpropionate | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxy-2-ethylpropionic acid | HMDB | | 3-Hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester | HMDB | | 2-Ethyl-hydracrylate | HMDB | | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C5H10O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 118.1311 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 118.062994186 |
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| IUPAC Name | 2-(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | 2-ethylhydracrylic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 4374-62-3 |
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| SMILES | CCC(CO)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-2-4(3-6)5(7)8/h4,6H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8) |
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| InChI Key | ZMZQVAUJTDKQGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Fatty Acyls |
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| Sub Class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
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| Direct Parent | Hydroxy fatty acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Hydroxy fatty acid
- Branched fatty acid
- Beta-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.09 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.612 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.48 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 170.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 980.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 330.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 74.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 194.5 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 68.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 291.5 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 299.7 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 187.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 641.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 187.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 896.0 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 207.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 248.5 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 501.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 263.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 244.3 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | CCC(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1159.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | CCC(CO)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1105.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCC(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1221.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCC(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1381.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CCC(CO)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1336.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCC(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1649.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00fr-9100000000-59a6eea0d0e7113fac3b | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00ds-9520000000-fe0d3d2aa8e758f26b61 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-d329b2816688175f0721 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-22531cd4192cb58bffc8 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-28513bb053ccf9cda074 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0uxr-3900000000-f4f29b39d6efac6dea03 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-9500000000-033bb7e1b24d83c3260e | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-f9809158ef0031b0966e | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-7900000000-2b7594fdf2745541476d | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00rl-9000000000-15a1a560605b3560b3c5 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-e23602be1497f191e28f | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0lk9-8900000000-7d190d86968d376f371f | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9000000000-d13a71b7a126b5b4db40 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-187afb47dc1fef8de486 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-7900000000-9c57f47a79d94aa41b40 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00xs-9000000000-7eb9835e7021f42ca784 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Ethylhydracrylic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014l-9000000000-ebe207f16b68bd130a7c | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 3.9 (0.1-14.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.3 (0.1-6.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.0 (1.0-13.3) umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.6 (1.0-7.3) umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.0 (1.2-6.4) umol/mmol creatinine | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.1(1.3-2.9) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <2 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-1.914 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <2000 umol/mmol creatinine | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-0.4 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-0.9 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-2.2 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-4.4 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Female | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.914-30.626 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type II, X-linked | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4-31 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBACDD) | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 3700 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria (Type V) | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Bladder cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type II, X-linked |
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- Kelley RI, Cheatham JP, Clark BJ, Nigro MA, Powell BR, Sherwood GW, Sladky JT, Swisher WP: X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy with neutropenia, growth retardation, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. J Pediatr. 1991 Nov;119(5):738-47. [PubMed:1719174 ]
| | Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency |
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- Sass JO, Ensenauer R, Roschinger W, Reich H, Steuerwald U, Schirrmacher O, Engel K, Haberle J, Andresen BS, Megarbane A, Lehnert W, Zschocke J: 2-Methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: functional and molecular studies on a defect in isoleucine catabolism. Mol Genet Metab. 2008 Jan;93(1):30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.09.002. Epub 2007 Oct 22. [PubMed:17945527 ]
| | 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria type V |
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- Ojala T, Polinati P, Manninen T, Hiippala A, Rajantie J, Karikoski R, Suomalainen A, Tyni T: New mutation of mitochondrial DNAJC19 causing dilated and noncompaction cardiomyopathy, anemia, ataxia, and male genital anomalies. Pediatr Res. 2012 Oct;72(4):432-7. doi: 10.1038/pr.2012.92. Epub 2012 Jul 13. [PubMed:22797137 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | - 302060 (3-methylglutaconic aciduria type II, X-linked)
- 610006 (Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency)
- 610198 (3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria type V)
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB022014 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| Chemspider ID | 164207 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | 3785 |
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| PubChem Compound | 188979 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 82956 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | MDB00000156 |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Price, Charles C.; Cypher, George A.; Krishnamurti, I. V. Thermal reaction of formaldehyde with allyl cyanide. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1952), 74 2987-91. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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| General References | - Korman SH, Andresen BS, Zeharia A, Gutman A, Boneh A, Pitt JJ: 2-ethylhydracrylic aciduria in short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: application to diagnosis and implications for the R-pathway of isoleucine oxidation. Clin Chem. 2005 Mar;51(3):610-7. Epub 2004 Dec 22. [PubMed:15615815 ]
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
- Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30. [PubMed:12829005 ]
- Mamer OA, Tjoa SS, Scriver CR, Klassen GA: Demonstration of a new mammalian isoleucine catabolic pathway yielding an Rseries of metabolites. Biochem J. 1976 Dec 15;160(3):417-26. [PubMed:1016232 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
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